Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?

Participants may not withdraw once they start.

Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision.

Participants cannot be subjected to shock of any kind.

Participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.

Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

In order to stop experimental subjects from trying to confirm the scientist’s hypothesis, psychologist sometimes _____.”

obtain written promises from participants to be honest

maintain subject confidentiality

deceive participants about the true purpose of the experiment

allow people to chose when they want to leave the study

Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

If you are interested in how patterns, beliefs, and customs influence behavior, you are interested in the _____ perspective.

behavioural

sociocultural

psychodynamic

cognitive

Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

In studying the bystander effect, a researcher is interested in looking at differences between prison guards in China and the United Kingdom. The researcher is taking a _____ in this cross cultural study.

Eurocentric perspective

egocentric perspective

culturio perspective

sociocultural perspective

Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

John B. Watson believed that psychology should involve the study of _____.

behaviour

the mind

the brain

consciousness

Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events and chemicals, such as hormones, associated with behavior. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches?

biopsychological

learning

cognitive

sociocultural

Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to _____.

analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements

determine the function or purpose of a particular human behaviour

listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness

carefully feel the bumps on a person’s head in order to determine his or her character traits

Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

If a functionalist from the 1870s were alive today, where would we most likely find him?

in a laboratory, studying principles of perception

in a school, working to improve teaching methods

in a mountain retreat, contemplating the meaning of life

in a sleep laboratory, trying to determine if our need for sleep is biologically based

Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

Self-actualization was part of which of the following perspectives?

Behaviorism

Cognitive perspective

Functionalism

Humanism

Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

Who claimed that behavior is affected by positive reinforcement?

William James

Sigmund Freud

B. F. Skinner

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 11(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

“The whole is greater than the sum of the parts” is a statement associated with the perspective of _____.

introspection

functionalism

psychoanalysis

Gestalt psychologists

Question 12(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

On a television talk show an actor describes the symptoms of anxiety he has been experiencing. He reports that the severity of the symptoms has decreased since he has been taking a drug prescribed by his therapist back in Hollywood. You conclude that the actor’s therapist is probably a _____.

podiatrist

psychiatrist

clinical psychologist

counseling psychologist

Question 13(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

The class is playing a game of Jeopardy! and it is your turn. “I’ll take Pioneers in Psychology for $50.” The revealed answer is “Focused on unconscious factors and relied on the case study method.” Just before the buzzer sounds, what will you say?

“Who is B. F. Skinner?”

“Who are the humanists?”

“Who is Sigmund Freud?”

“Who are the behaviorists?”

Question 14(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

Dr. Braunz has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a _____.

psychiatrist

psychoanalyst

humanistic psychologist

school psychologist

Question 15(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a _____.

psychiatrist

cognitive psychologist

psychiatric social worker

psychologist

Question 16(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

Which perspective focuses on free will and self-actualization?

Psychoanalysis

Humanism

Cognitive perspective

Behaviorism

Question 17(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

Professor Wenches approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces or conflicts. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches?

social-cognitive learning

learning

cognitive approach

psychodynamic approach

Question 18(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

The word correlation is often used as a synonym for _____.

validity

reliability

variable

relationship

Question 19(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

A negative correlation means that _____.

high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other

high values of one variable are associated with high values of the other

low values of one variable are associated with low values of the other

there is no relationship between the two variables

Question 20(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

A correlation coefficient represents two things: _____ and _____.

a representative sample; strength

strength; direction of the relationship

the experimental group; control group

direction of the relationship; expectant functionality

Question 21(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

Which of the following values is indicative of the strongest relationship between two variables?

-0.80

+0.75

-0.33

+0.105

Question 22(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

Drinking orange juice is negatively correlated with the risk of cancer. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

The more orange juice you drink, the higher your risk of cancer.

The more orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer.

The less orange juice you drink, the lower your risk of cancer.

Drinking orange juice causes people to be cancer free.

Question 23(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

The greatest disadvantage of correlational research is _____.

it has limited range of values, being only -1 to +1

it does not enable cause-and-effect conclusion

its value can be negative

its value can be zero

Question 24(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

Mr. and Mrs. Harris have six kids aged 5, 6, 8, 10, 16, and 19. The median age of the Harris children is _____.

5

9

7

6

Question 25(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

When you watch dogs play in the park or watch how your professors conduct their classes, you are engaging in a form of _____.

case study research

naturalistic observation

survey research

psychometric study

Question 26(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

A weakness of _____ is that subjects participating in the research often report, consciously and unconsciously, inaccurate information.

naturalistic observation

surveys

correlations

experiments

Question 27(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

A case study would be the most appropriate method to investigate which of these topics?

The ways in which the games of boys differ from the games of girls.

The development of a male baby raised as a female after a surgical error destroyed his penis.

The math skills of students in Japan as compared to those of U.S. students. Physiological changes that occur when people watch violent movies.

Question 28(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

You overhear psychology students preparing for a test. They note that one of the research methods often “fails to generalize.” Which method is the MOST likely topic of their discussion?

correlation

case study

experiment

surveys

Question 29(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

In a group of five people, two report annual incomes of $25,000 and the other three report incomes of $34,000, $46,000, and $105,000, respectively. The mode of this group’s distribution of incomes is _____.

$25,000

$34,000

$46,000

$47,000

Question 30(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

In a controlled experiment, the group subjected to a change in the independent variable is called the _____ group.

independent

experimental

dependent

control

Question 31(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to “drive” using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver’s seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the independent variable is _____.

the use of nicotine

the use of a driving simulator

the number of collisions

the driving skills of each driver

Question 32(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

Which of the following is an empirical question?

Would Martin Luther King, Jr. have been a good president?

What is the meaning of life?

Was the Civil War necessary?

Is there life on other planets?

Question 33(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to “drive” using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver’s seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the cigarette without nicotine is _____.

the control group

the driving simulator

the experimental group

the no-control group

Question 34(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

A researcher is investigating the effects of exercise on weight. What are the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?

The dependent variable is weight; the independent variable is exercise.

The independent variable is calories consumed; the dependent variable is diet.

The independent variable is weight; the dependent variable is calories consumed.

The dependent variable is amount of exercise; the independent variable is calories consumed.

Question 35(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

Ken is planning on studying the influence of intelligence on the ability to recall events from the 1960s. If Ken does not account for variables such as age that could also influence one’s ability to recall these events, age could be considered a(n) _____.

random variable

dependent variable

confounding variable

independent variable

Question 36(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

“If children watch violent cartoons then they will become more aggressive.” According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a _____.

conclusion

result

hypothesis

fact

Question 37(Multiple Choice Worth 2 points)

The tendency to look for information that supports one’s own belief is called _____.

the principle of falsifiability

confirmation bias

criterion validity

volunteer bias

Question 38(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

Steve is a fan of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team. With little provocation, he will engage you in a debate about whether it is the greatest team in basketball. What may Steve be demonstrating?

bias

critical thinking

an eclectic approach

unconscious behavior

Question 39(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

A psychologist wanted to see if people are more prone to seek the company of others when anxious than when calm. He randomly assigned half of his subjects to an anxiety group and then told then that as part of the study, they would receive electric shocks. He did not frighten the other group of subjects. Finally, he recorded how many subjects in each group chose to be “tested” in a group setting and how many chose to be “tested” alone. In this study, the group that was NOT frightened would be called the _____ group.

experimental

control

placebo

test

Question 40(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)

_____ is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group.

the double-blind study

field research

the single-blind study

correlational research